For new builds under Part L 2021, cavity walls should achieve 0.18 W/m²K. With full-fill mineral wool (100mm), expect around 0.28-0.32 W/m²K. With PIR insulation, you can achieve below 0.20 W/m²K.
Full-fill insulation completely fills the cavity with no air gap. Partial-fill leaves a 25-50mm air gap on the outer side. Full-fill gives better thermal performance but requires careful detailing to prevent moisture bridging.
Yes, a clear air cavity (25mm+) adds approximately 0.18 m²K/W of thermal resistance. However, this is much less than the same thickness of insulation, so maximising insulation thickness is usually preferable.